What are the symptoms of arthritis in cats?

Arthritis is a common but often overlooked condition in cats, causing joint pain, stiffness, and discomfort. Although it’s typically seen as a problem for elderly pets, arthritis can affect cats of any age, especially as they get older. Since cats are masters at concealing pain, they may live with arthritis for years before owners notice anything is wrong. Identifying the early signs of arthritis is crucial to help improve your cat’s quality of life.

In this article, we’ll cover the key symptoms of arthritis in cats, why it occurs, and what steps you can take to support your feline friend.

What Is Arthritis in Cats?

Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a progressive condition where the protective cartilage in a cat’s joints wears away. The cartilage usually acts as a cushion, absorbing shock and enabling smooth movement. When it deteriorates, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain, inflammation, and reduced mobility.

While arthritis can affect any joint, it is most commonly seen in the hips, knees, elbows, and spine of cats. Factors like ageing, obesity, past injuries, and genetics increase the risk of arthritis. Although dogs are often thought to be more prone to arthritis, studies show that up to 90% of cats aged 12 and older display signs of this joint condition.

Top Symptoms of Arthritis in Cats

Cats are adept at hiding pain, a behaviour rooted in their wild ancestry, where showing weakness could make them vulnerable. Because of this, symptoms of arthritis in cats are often subtle. Here are the most common signs to watch for:

1. Reduced Mobility and Stiffness

One of the earliest signs of arthritis in cats is a noticeable reduction in their mobility. You may observe your cat hesitating before jumping onto furniture, countertops, or window ledges. They might even stop jumping altogether. Similarly, climbing stairs or entering litter boxes with high sides can become challenging.

Stiffness, particularly after periods of rest or when waking up in the morning, is another tell-tale sign. Cats with arthritis may appear slower and more careful in their movements, taking longer to get up or lie down.

2. Changes in Grooming Behaviour

Cats are typically fastidious groomers, but arthritis can make it difficult for them to reach certain parts of their body. As a result, you may notice unkempt fur, particularly along the back and hindquarters. You might also see dandruff or matting in these areas.

Conversely, some cats may start over-grooming painful joints, licking or biting the area excessively. This can lead to bald spots or irritated skin, as your cat tries to alleviate discomfort.

3. Altered Temperament and Behaviour

Arthritis can make your cat irritable or withdrawn, even if they were previously friendly and sociable. They may become less tolerant of being petted or picked up, particularly if you touch the affected joints. Some cats may growl, hiss, or even bite when handled in a way that causes pain.

You might also notice your cat becoming less interactive, preferring to be alone or sleeping in different, quieter locations than usual. These behavioural changes often indicate underlying discomfort.

4. Decreased Playfulness and Activity Levels

While cats naturally slow down as they age, a sudden or marked decrease in playfulness could indicate arthritis. Cats with joint pain may be reluctant to engage in activities that involve running, jumping, or climbing. They might sit and watch rather than chase toys or participate in games they once enjoyed.

This decline in activity can be subtle, especially if your cat is already less active due to age. However, if your cat is no longer engaging in their favourite activities, arthritis may be to blame.

5. Difficulty Using the Litter Box

If your cat starts urinating or defecating outside the litter box, arthritis could be the reason. High-sided or covered litter boxes can be challenging for cats with joint pain to enter and exit. They may struggle with the height or avoid the litter box altogether because of discomfort.

Consider whether your cat’s litter box setup is contributing to their symptoms, particularly if you’ve noticed changes in their toileting habits without other obvious causes.

6. Limping or Favouring One Leg

In more advanced stages of arthritis, your cat might develop a limp or favour one leg over the other. You may notice them shifting their weight away from the affected limb or walking with an altered gait. This symptom is often more pronounced after exercise or when they first get up after resting.

Keep an eye on any changes in your cat’s posture or the way they walk, as these can be strong indicators of joint pain.

7. Increased Sleep and Resting Time

Cats are known for their love of napping, but arthritis can cause them to sleep even more than usual. Movement can be painful and exhausting, so cats with arthritis often spend longer periods resting. They may seek out warm, soft spots to sleep and might be less inclined to move around their environment.

If your cat is sleeping significantly more than usual or seems less curious and active, arthritis could be a contributing factor.

How Is Arthritis Diagnosed in Cats?

Diagnosing arthritis in cats can be tricky due to their tendency to hide pain. If you notice any of the above symptoms, it’s a good idea to consult your veterinarian. During the examination, your vet will assess your cat’s joints for pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. In some cases, they may recommend X-rays or other imaging tests to get a clearer picture of the joint health.

Early diagnosis is vital to managing arthritis effectively, so don’t hesitate to bring up any concerns with your vet, even if the symptoms seem mild.

Helping a Cat with Arthritis

While arthritis is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, there are several steps you can take to help your cat live more comfortably:

• Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as extra body fat puts more strain on your cat’s joints.
• Environmental Adjustments: Make your home more accessible by adding ramps or steps to help your cat reach their favourite spots. Consider using a low-sided litter box to reduce discomfort.
• Routine Vet Visits: Regular check-ups are important for monitoring the progression of arthritis and adjusting your cat’s treatment plan as needed.
• Supplements and Diet: Joint supplements and a balanced diet can help support joint health and reduce inflammation. Ask your vet for recommendations tailored to your cat’s needs.

Conclusion 

Arthritis can have a significant impact on your cat’s quality of life, but recognising the symptoms early allows for better management and relief. By paying close attention to changes in your cat’s behaviour and mobility, you can help them stay comfortable and happy as they age. If you suspect your cat might be showing signs of arthritis, schedule a visit with your veterinarian to discuss the best course of action.

With the right care and attention, your feline companion can enjoy many more years of comfort and playfulness, even with arthritis.