What are the early signs of heart disease in dogs?
Heart disease is a common health issue in dogs, particularly as they age. While certain breeds are more prone to heart conditions, early detection can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life. In this guide, we will cover the early signs of heart disease in dogs, common causes, and tips for supporting your dog’s heart health.
Understanding Heart Disease in Dogs
Heart disease in dogs is classified into either congenital (present from birth) or acquired (developed later in life). Congenital heart defects are relatively rare, whereas acquired heart disease is more common and often develops due to ageing, breed predispositions and lifestyle factors.
The two most prevalent types of acquired heart disease in dogs are:
- Chronic Valvular Disease (CVD):
This condition, also known as Mitral Valve Disease, occurs when the heart's valves (primarily the mitral valve) gradually weaken and degenerate. This degeneration prevents the valve from closing properly during the cardiac cycle, allowing blood to leak backward (regurgitation). Over time, this increased workload on the heart can lead to enlargement and, eventually, congestive heart failure. This disease is particularly common in small dog breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Miniature Poodles.
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM):
This is a condition where the heart muscle weakens and the heart enlarges, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. Large breeds are more susceptible to this condition such as Dobermans, Great Danes and Irish Wolfhounds.
Early Signs of Heart Disease in Dogs
1. Fatigue and Reduced Stamina
One of the first signs of heart disease in dogs is decreased energy levels or stamina. Your dog may tire easily after light exercise or during activities they previously enjoyed. They might avoid play, appear lethargic, or rest more often than usual.
2. Difficulty Breathing or Shortness of Breath
Shortness of breath, laboured breathing, or coughing are potential early indicators of heart disease in dogs. If your dog begins to breathe rapidly while at rest, has trouble taking deep breaths, or pants excessively without recent exertion, this could be related to heart issues. Heart disease often leads to fluid build-up in the lungs, making it harder for dogs to breathe and to get adequate oxygen.
3. Persistent Coughing
A persistent cough not associated with respiratory infections or kennel cough may indicate early heart disease. This cough is often dry and hacking, worsening after exercise, at night, or when lying down. The cough results from fluid build-up in the lungs due to inefficient heart function. While coughing can stem from various causes, consistent episodes should prompt a visit to the vet.
4. Swollen Belly or Bloated Appearance
Heart disease can cause fluid accumulation in the abdomen, known as ascites, which may make your dog’s belly look swollen or bloated. This swelling occurs because the heart’s compromised function leads to fluid leakage into the abdomen. Your dog’s belly may feel more full or tense than usual, even if their appetite hasn’t changed. In rare cases, swelling may also occur in the legs.
5. Fainting or Collapsing
Fainting, collapsing, or sudden weakness is a concerning sign of heart disease. Dogs with heart issues may collapse during exercise or even while resting due to a lack of blood flow and oxygen reaching the brain. These episodes, although often brief, are serious and should prompt an immediate veterinary visit.
6. Restlessness, Especially at Night
Restlessness, particularly at night, is common in dogs with heart disease. Dogs may struggle to lie comfortably due to fluid build-up in the lungs or abdomen, leading them to frequently get up or shift positions. Signs of restlessness or difficulty settling can indicate discomfort linked to heart problems.
7. Poor Appetite and Weight Loss
Heart disease can suppress a dog’s appetite, causing reduced interest in food. You may notice your dog eating less or hesitating over meals they once enjoyed. Over time, this can result in weight loss or a decline in overall body condition. Significant or consistent changes in appetite and weight should be discussed with your vet.
8. Pale or Bluish Gums
Your dog’s gum colour can reflect their blood circulation and oxygenation. In healthy dogs, gums should be pink. If you notice that your dog’s gums are pale or have a bluish tint, it could indicate poor oxygenation. Owners can check this by gently lifting their dog's lip. Abnormal gum colour should be immediately evaluted by a vet.
9. Weakness or Reduced Ability to Exercise
Dogs with early heart disease may lose strength and become less active due to the heart’s inability to efficiently circulate blood. If your dog can’t walk as far or play as vigorously as they used to, this may indicate early signs of heart disease.
When to Visit the Vet
If you notice one or more of these signs in your dog, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. Although these signs can also indicate other health issues, early detection and intervention are essential in managing heart disease. Your vet may recommend a physical examination, blood tests, x-rays, or an echocardiogram to assess your dog’s heart health.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Treatment for heart disease in dogs varies depending on the condition’s type and severity. Common treatment approaches include:
- Medication to support heart function and reduce fluid build-up, such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers.
- Diet modifications such as reducing salt intake, to manage blood pressure and minimise fluid retention.
- Lifestyle adjustments, with restricted exercise to prevent overexertion based on your vet’s recommendations.
With the right treatment plan, many dogs with heart disease can lead fulfilling, happy lives.
Breeds at Higher Risk for Heart Disease
Certain breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, and Dachshunds, are more susceptible to hereditary heart conditions. Owners of these breeds should watch for early signs and prioritise regular veterinary check-ups to detect potential issues early.
How to Support Your Dog’s Heart Health
Although some heart conditions are genetic or age-related, there are steps you can take to support your dog’s overall heart health:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity puts extra strain on your dog’s heart. A balanced diet and regular exercise, as advised by your vet, can help support heart function and prevent complications.
- Regular Check-Ups: These are important for early detection. Senior dogs and at-risk breeds may benefit from more frequent, twice-yearly check-ups.
- Avoid Excess Salt: Refrain from giving your dog salty human foods, as excess salt can lead to fluid retention and increase heart strain.
- Monitor for Early Signs: Stay attentive to any of the symptoms mentioned above. Early intervention can greatly improve the prognosis for dogs with heart disease.
Final Thoughts
Heart disease in dogs can be challenging, but recognising early symptoms can make a world of difference. If you observe changes in your dog’s behaviour, energy levels, or appearance, don’t hesitate to contact your vet. With timely medical care, lifestyle adjustments, and a heart-healthy diet, you can help your dog enjoy life while managing heart disease.