How Can I Tell If My Dog Has Arthritis?

Dog arthritis is a painful condition affecting joints, which can significantly impact your dog’s quality of life. Detecting arthritis early allows for better management of symptoms, helping to keep your furry friend comfortable and active. But how do you know if your dog might be suffering from arthritis? Here’s what you need to look out for and how you can help.

What is Arthritis in Dogs?

Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis (OA) or degenerative joint disease (DJD), is a chronic inflammation of the joints that leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. In dogs, arthritis often develops due to ageing, but it can also result from genetic conditions (like hip or elbow dysplasia), trauma, or underlying diseases. Arthritis commonly affects the hips, knees, elbows, and spine.

While it is most prevalent in senior dogs, arthritis can occur at any age. Larger breeds, such as Labradors, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers, are particularly prone due to their size and genetic predisposition to joint issues.

Common Signs of Arthritis in Dogs

Dogs are instinctively good at hiding pain, which can make identifying arthritis challenging. However, there are several key symptoms you can watch for:

1. Limping or Lameness
   If your dog starts favouring one leg or you notice them limping, this can be an early indicator of arthritis. The limp might be more noticeable after exercise or first thing in the morning when the joints are stiff.
2. Stiffness, Especially After Rest
   Stiffness is a common sign of arthritis, particularly after your dog has been lying down for a while. You might notice your dog taking longer to get up or struggling to climb stairs.
3. Reluctance to Move or Exercise
   A normally energetic dog that becomes less interested in walks or playtime may be experiencing joint pain. Arthritis can make movement uncomfortable, leading your dog to avoid activities they used to enjoy.
4. Difficulty Jumping or Climbing
   Dogs with arthritis often struggle with activities that involve jumping, such as getting into the car, climbing onto the sofa, or going up stairs. They might hesitate or appear to need extra time.
5. Changes in Behaviour
   Arthritis pain can make dogs more irritable or moody. Your dog may become grumpy, growl, or snap when touched in certain areas. You might also notice them becoming more withdrawn or less interactive.
6. Swollen or Painful Joints
   Swelling around the joints can sometimes be seen, although it’s less common unless the arthritis is severe or associated with an infection or an autoimmune condition. The area may feel warm, and your dog might flinch if you gently press on it.
7. Change in Gait
   Dogs with arthritis may develop a stiff, altered gait to avoid putting weight on painful joints. You may notice a shuffling or stilted movement when they walk.
8. Decreased Muscle Mass
   Over time, arthritis can lead to muscle wasting, especially in the legs. This happens because your dog may use the affected limb less frequently, leading to muscle loss.
9. Excessive Licking of Joints
   Dogs often lick or chew at areas that are painful. If you notice your dog licking their joints more than usual, it could indicate discomfort from arthritis.
10. Whining or Vocalising
    While not all dogs vocalise their pain, some might whimper, whine, or yelp, especially when moving in a way that aggravates sore joints.

Diagnosing Arthritis in Dogs

If you suspect arthritis, it’s crucial to consult your veterinarian. They will conduct a physical examination and may recommend the following tests:

• X-rays: These help show changes in the bones and joints, confirming the presence of arthritis.
• Advanced Imaging (MRI or CT scans): In complex cases, these may provide a more detailed look at joint structures.
• Joint Fluid Analysis: This can help rule out infections or autoimmune diseases if swelling is present.
• Blood Tests: While not directly diagnostic for arthritis, they can help identify underlying conditions contributing to joint inflammation.

How to Help a Dog with Arthritis

While arthritis cannot be cured, there are several strategies to help manage pain and improve your dog’s quality of life:

1. Weight Management
   Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is essential. Extra weight puts additional strain on the joints, exacerbating arthritis symptoms. A balanced diet and regular, gentle exercise can make a big difference.
2. Regular, Low-Impact Exercise
   Exercise helps maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility. Opt for low-impact activities like short walks or swimming. Avoid high-intensity activities that may strain the joints.
3. Provide Joint-Supportive Bedding
   Orthopaedic or memory foam dog beds can help relieve pressure on your dog’s joints, making it easier for them to rest comfortably.
4. Assist with Movement
   Use ramps or pet steps to help your dog get onto furniture or into the car, reducing the need for painful jumping.
5. Massage and Physical Therapy
   Gentle massage can help relieve muscle tension around the joints. Canine physical therapy, guided by a professional, can also improve mobility and reduce pain.
6. Consider Alternative Therapies
   Treatments like acupuncture or laser therapy have shown benefits in relieving pain and improving joint function in arthritic dogs.
7. Joint Supplements
   Your vet may recommend supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3s, in particular, have strong evidence for reducing inflammation.
8. Medications and Pain Relief
   Prescription NSAIDs (e.g., carprofen, meloxicam) are commonly used to manage arthritis pain. Newer options, like monoclonal antibody injections (e.g., Bedinvetmab), specifically target pain pathways and may offer effective relief with fewer side effects. Always follow your vet’s advice and never give human medications to your dog.
9. Keep Your Dog Warm
   Cold weather can worsen arthritis pain. Ensure your dog has a warm place to rest, and consider using a pet-safe heated blanket during colder months.

Preventing Arthritis in Dogs

While arthritis isn’t always preventable, you can reduce the risk by:

• Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Helps minimise stress on the joints.
• Regular, Moderate Exercise: Keeps the joints flexible and muscles strong.
• Feeding a Balanced Diet: Omega-3-rich foods support joint health.
• Regular Vet Check-Ups: Early detection allows for timely intervention and management.

Final Thoughts

If you think your dog may have arthritis, don’t ignore the signs. Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing pain and slowing the progression of the disease. With the right care, adjustments, and veterinary guidance, your dog can continue to live a happy, comfortable life.

Your Dog’s Comfort Matters
Arthritis doesn’t have to mean the end of a good quality of life. By recognizing the signs early and working closely with your vet, you can help keep your furry friend happy, active, and pain-free, even as they age.