Why Does My Cat’s Breath Smell?

If your cat’s breath has developed an unpleasant odour, it’s not just a minor annoyance, it could be a sign of an underlying health issue that requires attention. In this article, we will  explore the common causes of bad breath in cats, when to see a vet, and how to maintain your cat’s oral health to keep their breath fresh and their mouth healthy.

Common Causes of Bad Breath in Cats

1. Dental Disease

The leading cause of bad breath in cats is dental disease. Conditions such as periodontal disease, gingivitis, and tooth abscesses cause a build-up of bacteria in your cat’s mouth, leading to foul-smelling breath.

• Tartar and plaque: The accumulation of plaque and tartar creates an ideal environment for bacterial growth.
• Inflammation: Inflamed gums (gingivitis) due to bacterial infection often produce a noticeable odour.
• Tooth decay or abscesses: These painful conditions often result in a strong, rotten smell.

Cats with dental disease may also exhibit symptoms like drooling, pawing at their mouth, or difficulty eating.

2. Dietary Factors

The food your cat eats can directly affect their breath:

• Smelly foods: Fish-based or strong-smelling wet foods can temporarily cause bad breath.
• Food stuck between teeth: Bits of food trapped in the teeth can decay and emit an unpleasant odour.
• Prey consumption: Cats that hunt and eat birds, rodents, or other prey may develop bad breath due to residual odours.

3. Poor Oral Hygiene

Without regular dental care, plaque and tartar build-up can quickly lead to halitosis. Brushing your cat’s teeth or providing dental treats and toys can help reduce this risk and maintain oral hygiene.

4. Kidney Disease

If your cat’s breath smells like ammonia, it could be a sign of kidney disease. Cats with kidney issues struggle to filter waste products from their blood, leading to a build-up of toxins that may be exhaled through their breath.

Additional signs of kidney disease include increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and lethargy. Kidney disease is more common in older cats and requires prompt veterinary attention.

5. Diabetes

Sweet or fruity-smelling breath is a classic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. This condition occurs when a cat’s body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly.

Other symptoms include:

• Increased appetite
• Excessive thirst
• Frequent urination
• Weight loss despite eating more

Diabetes is a severe condition requiring immediate veterinary diagnosis and ongoing management.

6. Liver Disease

Bad breath, especially when accompanied by a yellowish tint to the eyes, gums, or skin (jaundice), could indicate liver disease. The liver’s role in filtering toxins means its dysfunction can lead to a build-up of foul-smelling waste products.

Other signs of liver disease include vomiting, diarrhoea, reduced appetite, and lethargy.

7. Respiratory Infections

Upper respiratory infections (URIs) can cause bad breath due to nasal discharge, sinus inflammation, or a stuffy nose. These infections, often caused by viruses or bacteria, may also lead to sneezing and reduced appetite.

8. Foreign Objects or Mouth Injuries

Objects like bones, plant material, or other debris stuck in a cat’s mouth can cause infection and bad breath. Similarly, mouth injuries, ulcers, or burns from trauma or chemical exposure can result in odours and discomfort.

9. Oral Tumours

Oral tumours, whether benign or malignant, can lead to bad breath due to tissue decay or infection. Symptoms such as lumps, bleeding, or difficulty eating should be evaluated by a vet as soon as possible.

When to See a Vet

While bad breath isn’t always a cause for concern, certain signs warrant a veterinary visit:

• Persistent bad breath that doesn’t improve with regular oral care
• Symptoms such as drooling, pawing at the mouth, or difficulty eating
• Additional signs like vomiting, diarrhoea, weight loss, excessive thirst, or behavioural changes
• Swelling, bleeding, or visible lumps in the mouth

These signs may indicate a serious underlying condition that requires prompt veterinary attention.

Tips for Preventing Bad Breath in Cats

1. Brush Your Cat’s Teeth

Regular toothbrushing is the most effective way to prevent plaque and tartar build-up. Use a toothbrush and toothpaste specifically designed for cats. Do not use human toothpaste as they can be toxic to cats. 

• Introduce brushing slowly to allow your cat to adjust.
• Reward your cat with praise, affection, or a favorite treat after each session to make the experience positive and stress-free. 

2. Provide Dental Chews and Toys

Dental treats, chews, and toys help clean teeth and gums by reducing plaque and tartar build-up. These are a great supplement to regular brushing.

3. Offer a Balanced Diet

Feed your cat a well-balanced diet to support overall health, including oral health. Some cat foods are specifically formulated to help reduce plaque and tartar.

4. Schedule Regular Veterinary Check-Ups

Annual or bi-annual check-ups help detect dental issues or other health problems early. Routine dental cleanings by your vet are crucial for maintaining your cat’s oral health.

5. Encourage Hydration

Adequate hydration is essential for oral health. Consider a cat water fountain, as many cats prefer running water to a stagnant bowl.

Final Thoughts

Bad breath in cats often signals an underlying issue, from simple dental problems to serious systemic conditions. Maintaining good oral hygiene and monitoring your cat’s overall health can help prevent halitosis and ensure they remain happy and healthy.

If your cat’s bad breath persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, consult your veterinarian to identify the cause and develop a treatment plan. A healthy mouth is essential for a happy cat!