What Are The Best Treatments for Cancer in Cats?

Posted by Petdirect on 21st Nov 2024

Treatment plans for feline cancer depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as your cat’s overall health. A veterinary oncologist will typically develop a personalised treatment plan tailored to your cat's needs. Below are some of the most common treatment options, alongside insights into when they are appropriate.

1. Surgery

Surgery is often the first line of treatment, particularly for tumours that are localised and operable. The primary goal is to remove the tumour completely, along with a margin of healthy tissue, to ensure no cancerous cells remain.

When is surgery appropriate?

For solid tumours, such as soft tissue sarcomas or squamous cell carcinoma.
In cases where the cancer has not spread to other parts of the body.

What to expect:

Pre-surgical imaging, such as CT or MRI scans, may be necessary to accurately assess the tumour’s location, size, and whether it can be removed completely.
Post-operative care may involve pain management, wound care, and regular monitoring for signs of recurrence.
Some tumours, like mast cell tumours, require particular care in achieving clean surgical margins.

2. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. It is particularly effective for systemic cancers, such as lymphoma, which affect multiple areas of the body.

How does chemotherapy work in cats?

Cats generally tolerate chemotherapy better than humans, however they can still experience side effects.
Treatments are administered via injections or oral medications, depending on the drug and cancer type.

When is chemotherapy used?

For cancers that cannot be completely removed by surgery, such as lymphoma.
As a follow-up treatment to surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.

Potential side effects:

Mild gastrointestinal upset such as vomiting or diarrhoea.
Temporary decreases in white blood cell counts, which can make your cat more vulnerable to infections.
Common chemotherapy drugs for cats include doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and chlorambucil.

3. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells. It is especially useful for tumours that cannot be surgically removed or are located near critical structures, such as the brain or spinal cord.

What types of cancer respond to radiation therapy?

Nasal tumours, brain tumours, and oral cancers.
Certain soft tissue sarcomas and squamous cell carcinomas.

What to expect:

Treatment usually involves multiple sessions under general anaesthesia to ensure your cat remains still.
Side effects may include skin irritation at the treatment site, mucositis (for oral cancers), or temporary fatigue.

4. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is an emerging treatment option that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. While still relatively new in veterinary medicine, promising advances are being made.

Examples of immunotherapy in cats:

Vaccines, such as the Oncept IL-2 vaccine, specifically target fibrosarcoma cells.
Immune-modulating drugs designed to stimulate the cat's natural defences.

When is immunotherapy used?

Often as an adjunct to other treatments, such as surgery or radiation, to maximise effectiveness.

5. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapies involve drugs that specifically attack the molecular pathways responsible for cancer growth. These treatments are highly specialised and less invasive than traditional chemotherapy.

When is targeted therapy used?

For cancers expressing identifiable molecular markers, such as specific genetic mutations.
While not yet widely available for cats, research is ongoing, and these therapies are expected to become more accessible in the future.

6. Palliative Care and Supportive Treatments

If a cure is not possible, palliative care focuses on improving your cat’s quality of life and alleviating symptoms. This is especially important in advanced cases where aggressive treatments may not be feasible.

Key components of palliative care include:

Pain management: Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids for severe pain, are commonly used.
Nutritional support: Special diets or appetite stimulants can help maintain your cat’s weight and energy levels.
Fluid therapy: Helps prevent dehydration in cats with vomiting, diarrhoea, or reduced fluid intake.

7. Complementary Therapies

Complementary treatments, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, may be used alongside conventional therapies. While they cannot cure cancer, they may help reduce stress, improve appetite, or manage pain.

Important considerations:

Always consult your vet before trying complementary treatments to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your cat.

What to Consider When Choosing a Treatment Plan

Choosing the best treatment for your cat involves balancing several factors:

Type and stage of cancer: Aggressive cancers may require more intensive treatment.
Your cat’s age and overall health: Older cats or those with other illnesses may not tolerate aggressive treatments.
Quality of life: Consider whether the treatment will significantly improve your cat’s comfort and happiness.
Cost and availability: Advanced treatments like radiation therapy may not be accessible in all areas.

Your veterinarian will work closely with you to develop a plan that aligns with your cat’s needs and your personal circumstances.

Preventing and Detecting Cancer Early

While not all cancers can be prevented, these steps may reduce your cat’s risk:

Spay or neuter your cat: This reduces the risk of mammary tumours and hormone-related cancers.
Minimise sun exposure: Particularly for white or light-coloured cats prone to skin cancer.
Regular veterinary check-ups: Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment.
Provide a healthy diet and lifestyle: Good nutrition and regular exercise support overall health.

Conclusion

A cancer diagnosis in cats is challenging, but advancements in veterinary medicine have made a range of effective treatments available. Whether your cat requires surgery, chemotherapy, or supportive care, there are options to help them live a comfortable and fulfilling life. Early detection is crucial, so monitor your cat for signs of illness and maintain regular veterinary check-ups.