How Can I Help Lower My Dog's Risk of Seizures?

Epilepsy in dogs can be a challenging condition for pet owners to manage. Although it can’t always be prevented, understanding the risk factors and taking proactive steps can support a dog’s neurological health and help reduce seizure frequency. In this guide, we’ll explore the risk factors associated with epilepsy, practical steps to minimise seizure triggers, and tips on supporting overall brain health to lessen the impact of seizures.

Understanding the Risk Factors for Canine Epilepsy

Epilepsy in dogs is often linked to a combination of genetic, environmental, and health-related factors. Knowing these risk factors can help dog owners take preventative steps and stay vigilant with at-risk pets. Here are some key factors to consider:

1. Breed Predispositions Some dog breeds have a higher genetic predisposition to epilepsy, meaning they may be more susceptible to seizures due to hereditary traits. Breeds such as Border Collies, Australian Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Beagles are known to have a greater risk of epilepsy. If your dog belongs to one of these breeds, it’s important to monitor for early signs of neurological changes and consult your vet promptly if any concerns arise.
2. Environmental Factors Seizures can sometimes be triggered by specific environmental stimuli, such as loud noises, bright lights, or intense stress. Dogs who experience high levels of anxiety or frequent changes in their environment may be at greater risk of seizure activity. Maintaining a stable, calm environment can be beneficial, especially for dogs prone to stress.
3. Underlying Health Conditions Certain health conditions can increase the likelihood of seizures in dogs. Issues such as liver disease, kidney disease, hypoglycaemia, and brain tumours may contribute to seizure risk. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to identify and manage potential health concerns early, reducing the risk of complications.

Preventative Measures to Minimise Seizure Risk

Although epilepsy itself may not be preventable, especially when there is a genetic predisposition, there are proactive steps that can help reduce seizure risk and support your dog’s brain health. Here are some recommended measures:

1. Minimise Seizure Triggers:

Limit Exposure to Loud Noises and Bright Lights: Fireworks, thunderstorms, and flashing lights can be distressing to dogs, especially those prone to seizures. Soundproofing a room or using blackout curtains can be helpful if your dog is sensitive to light and noise.

Use Calming Aids: Pheromone diffusers and calming collars can help reduce anxiety in some dogs. Some dogs also benefit from anxiety wraps or “thunder shirts” that provide gentle pressure, which can be comforting during stressful events.

Establish a Routine: Dogs thrive on consistency, and sudden changes can lead to stress. Try to keep feeding, walking, and sleeping schedules as regular as possible, especially for dogs sensitive to stress.

2. Maintaining a Healthy Diet:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Omega-3s from sources like fish oil can support brain function and have anti-inflammatory properties. These are beneficial for dogs with epilepsy and can be added as a supplement after consulting with your vet.

Antioxidant-Rich Foods: Berries, leafy greens, and vegetables contain antioxidants that help combat oxidative stress, which can impact neurological health. High-quality dog foods often include these ingredients, or they can be supplemented under veterinary guidance.

High-Quality Protein: Protein is essential for brain function and overall energy. Choose a high-quality protein source for your dog, such as lean meats or fish, to ensure they receive the necessary amino acids for maintaining healthy brain cells.

3. Providing Regular Physical and Mental Exercise:

Regular Walks and Play: Exercise reduces stress and releases endorphins, which can help regulate mood and lower seizure risk. Regular, gentle exercise tailored to your dog’s age and physical condition can support mental health and provide essential stimulation.

Interactive Toys and Puzzle Games: Mental stimulation through activities like puzzle feeders or treat-dispensing toys provides a cognitive workout. Obedience training sessions or learning new tricks are also great ways to keep your dog’s mind active and engaged.

Short and Gentle Routines: For dogs prone to seizures, avoid overly strenuous activities that might cause exhaustion. Opt instead for multiple shorter walks or play sessions throughout the day.

4. Avoid Exposure to Toxins

Store Chemicals Safely: Keep household chemicals like cleaning products, pesticides, and insecticides out of reach and avoid applying them in areas where your dog spends time.

Avoid Certain Foods and Plants: Common foods like chocolate, grapes, and onions are toxic to dogs and can lead to neurological issues, including seizures. Additionally, some plants, such as lilies are if ingested.

Be Cautious with Medications: Some medications can cause adverse reactions or interact with epilepsy medications. Always consult your vet before introducing any new medications or supplements, and keep human medications securely stored.

Lifestyle Tips for Dogs at Higher Risk of Epilepsy

For dogs with a known risk of epilepsy, certain lifestyle adjustments can help minimise seizure episodes and support overall brain health.

• Ensure Adequate Hydration Dehydration may contribute to seizure triggers in some cases, so ensure your dog has access to clean, fresh water throughout the day, especially during hot weather or after exercise.
• Create a Seizure-Safe Sleep Routine Dogs with epilepsy may benefit from a stable sleep environment. A quiet, dark room with comfortable bedding can create a sleep-friendly setting that reduces stress and supports brain health.
• Focus on Weight Management Obesity can exacerbate underlying health conditions that may increase seizure risk. Work with your vet to maintain an ideal weight through a balanced diet and exercise, helping to reduce strain on your dog’s body and brain.

The Importance of Early Veterinary Consultations and Proactive Care

For dogs in high-risk categories, early and regular veterinary consultations are crucial. Routine check-ups help to identify any early neurological symptoms, allowing you and your vet to develop a proactive care plan. If your dog has experienced a seizure, your vet can provide guidance on treatment options, medications, and lifestyle adjustments to support your dog’s health and minimise future seizures.

By staying informed about epilepsy and following these preventative measures, you can create a stable, supportive environment that promotes your dog’s neurological health. While not every case of epilepsy is preventable, taking a proactive approach enables you to give your dog the best possible quality of life.